Exodus 20 – The Ten Commandments
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God speaks from Mount Sinai, giving the Ten Commandments:
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No other gods before Him.
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No graven images or idols.
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Do not take the Lord’s name in vain.
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Keep the Sabbath day holy.
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Honor father and mother.
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Do not kill.
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Do not commit adultery.
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Do not steal.
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Do not bear false witness.
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Do not covet.
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The people tremble at God’s presence, asking Moses to mediate.
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God gives laws regarding altars—worship must be pure, not tied to idols or man’s pride.
Exodus 21 – Laws for God’s People
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Regulations for servants/slaves (servitude was limited; Hebrew servants released in the 7th year).
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Laws concerning violence and injury: punishment for striking, killing, or injuring others.
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Guidelines on responsibility: owners accountable if their animals cause harm.
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Laws protecting the vulnerable: treatment of women, children, and servants.
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Principle of justice: “Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.”
Exodus 22 – Laws of Restitution
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Restitution for theft, damage, or negligence. Thieves repay double; if they cannot, they may be sold.
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Laws on property rights: if fire spreads, if animals graze in another’s field, repayment is required.
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Regulations on social and moral responsibility:
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Do not mistreat strangers, widows, or orphans.
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No usury (interest) with the poor.
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Respect for rulers and offerings to God.
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God emphasizes justice and mercy, with blessings for obedience.
? Summary Thought:
These chapters set forth the moral foundation (Ten Commandments), civil order (laws of justice and restitution), and spiritual devotion (right worship). They show that God cares not only about worship but also about how His people treat one another.
