Exodus 9–11 Overview (KJV)

Murrain on the cattle: God strikes Egypt’s livestock with a grievous disease. All Egyptian cattle die, but Israel’s cattle are untouched, proving God’s distinction between His people and Egypt.
Boils: Moses takes ashes from the furnace and sprinkles them, and boils break out on man and beast throughout Egypt. Pharaoh’s magicians cannot stand before Moses because of the sores.
Hail and fire: God sends the worst hailstorm Egypt had ever known, destroying crops, trees, and animals left outdoors. Only in Goshen, where Israel dwelt, there was no hail. Some Egyptians who feared the word of the Lord sheltered their servants and cattle.

Locusts: Brought by an east wind, they cover the land and eat everything left from the hail. Pharaoh confesses sin but hardens his heart again after relief comes.
Darkness: A thick darkness covers Egypt for three days—so heavy that it can be “felt.” No one moves, but the children of Israel have light in their dwellings. Pharaoh again resists, though his servants press him.

God tells Moses of the last plague: the death of the firstborn in Egypt. From Pharaoh’s son to the servant’s son, and even the firstborn of beasts, all will die.
A great cry will rise up throughout Egypt, but Israel will be spared.
Pharaoh’s servants will bow to Moses, urging him and the Israelites to leave.
Moses departs from Pharaoh “in a great anger,” knowing God has hardened Pharaoh’s heart to show His mighty power.

Key Themes

God’s Power Over Creation: Each plague demonstrates the Lord’s control over nature, animals, weather, and even life itself.
Separation of God’s People: Israel is preserved through the plagues, showing God’s protection.
Pharaoh’s Hard Heart: Despite temporary repentance, Pharaoh continually resists God’s will, leading to greater judgment.
Judgment and Deliverance: The plagues anticipate the great redemption through the Passover and the Exodus.