Overview of Exodus 31–33 (KJV)

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Exodus 31 – Skilled Workers and the Sabbath

  • Bezaleel and Aholiab: God calls and fills them with His Spirit, wisdom, and understanding to build the tabernacle and its furnishings.

  • Sacred Workmanship: The artisans are appointed for all the holy things, including the Ark, furniture, garments, incense, and anointing oil.

  • The Sabbath Command: God reaffirms the Sabbath as a perpetual covenant and sign between Him and Israel.

  • The Tablets of Stone: God gives Moses two tables of testimony, written with the finger of God.


Exodus 32 – The Golden Calf

  • Idolatry at Sinai: While Moses tarries on the mountain, the people urge Aaron to make a god. He fashions a golden calf, and they proclaim it as their deliverer.

  • God’s Wrath: The Lord declares judgment, but Moses intercedes for Israel.

  • Moses’ Anger: Descending the mountain, he breaks the tablets, destroys the calf, and rebukes Aaron.

  • Judgment by the Levites: About 3,000 people are slain as punishment for their rebellion.

  • Moses’ Intercession: He pleads for forgiveness, even offering to be blotted out of God’s book if necessary. God promises punishment but continues His plan with Israel.


Exodus 33 – God’s Presence

  • The Command to Depart: God tells Israel to go toward the Promised Land but says He will not go up in their midst because of their stiff-necked disobedience.

  • The People’s Mourning: They strip off ornaments in humility and grief.

  • The Tabernacle of Meeting: Moses pitches it outside the camp, and God speaks with him there “face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.”

  • Moses’ Plea: Moses earnestly asks for God’s presence to remain with Israel. God assures him: “My presence shall go with thee, and I will give thee rest.”

  • Moses’ Bold Request: He asks to see God’s glory. God agrees to show His goodness and proclaim His name, but only allows Moses to see His back parts—not His face.

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